In the complex world of piping systems, ensuring that fluids flow in one direction—and only one direction—is critical for safety, efficiency, and equipment protection. This is where the indispensable check valve comes in. Among the most robust and widely used designs are flange check valves, which feature flanged ends for a strong, bolted connection to the pipeline.
This guide will walk you through the main types of flange check valves, their unique advantages, and where they are best applied.
A flange check valve is a type of automatic valve that prevents reverse flow in a pipeline. It utilizes the pressure of the fluid itself to open and closes automatically when the flow stops or reverses. The "flanged" ends make them ideal for high-pressure, large-diameter applications in industries like water treatment, oil & gas, chemical processing, and power generation.
Here’s a breakdown of the most common types of flange check valves:
1. Swing Check Valve
How It Works: Features a disc that swings on a hinge or trunnion. The disc swings open with forward flow and swings shut by gravity and backflow when the flow stops.
Advantages:
Low pressure drop.
Suitable for horizontal lines with steady flow.
Available in large sizes.
Considerations: Not suitable for pulsating flows, as the disc can "flutter" and cause damage. Requires gravity to close properly, so installation orientation is critical.
Common Uses: Water supply systems, wastewater treatment, and cooling systems.
2. Dual Plate Check Valve (or Double Door Check Valve)
How It Works: Consists of two spring-loaded half-circular plates (or "doors") that are hinged in the middle. The plates open with flow pressure and snap shut simultaneously via the springs when flow diminishes.
Advantages:
Very compact and lightweight compared to swing check valves.
Fast closing action, preventing water hammer effectively.
Can be installed in any orientation (horizontal, vertical, inclined).
Considerations: Generally not suited for applications with solid particles, which can impede the plates.
Common Uses: Oil and gas pipelines, chemical processing, fuel handling systems.
3. Piston (Lift) Check Valve
How It Works: Utilizes a piston or disc that lifts vertically off its seat to allow forward flow. When the flow stops, gravity and the return spring (if equipped) force the piston back onto the seat, blocking reverse flow.
Advantages:
Excellent for high-pressure services.
Tight sealing capability.
Considerations: Creates a higher pressure drop than swing or dual plate designs. Typically designed for flow in a vertical upward direction.
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